PFAS in Indoor Environments: The Building Materials Source
Indoor environments are significant sources of PFAS exposure through treated building materials including stain-resistant carpets, upholstered furniture, water-resistant flooring, and interior coatings. Regulations restricting PFAS in building materials are an important but underdeveloped component of comprehensive PFAS exposure reduction policy.
State Restrictions on PFAS in Textiles and Carpets
California’s AB 1817 restricts intentionally added PFAS in textiles, including carpets and upholstery, effective 2025. Washington State’s Pollution Prevention for Our Future Act restricts PFAS in carpets and rugs. These state laws create de facto national standards as manufacturers reformulate products for the largest US markets.
Indoor Air PFAS from Building Materials
PFAS in interior materials volatilize as occupants move through spaces, creating indoor air PFAS exposure. Studies find indoor PFAS air concentrations in buildings with PFAS-treated carpets and upholstery significantly exceed outdoor levels, contributing to occupant exposure particularly for young children who spend time on floors.
Building Code and Green Building Implications
LEED green building certification and other sustainable building standards are incorporating PFAS material restrictions as criteria. Building codes in California, New York, and Massachusetts are being updated to restrict PFAS in construction materials, driving building industry reformulation and creating market opportunities for PFAS-free interior product lines.