Colorectal Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer globally. While diet and genetics are primary risk factors, emerging research implicates environmental chemical exposures—including PFAS—in colorectal carcinogenesis.
PFAS and Gut Microbiome Alterations
PFAS disrupt gut microbiome diversity, reducing beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium while promoting pro-inflammatory species. Dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability and promotes systemic inflammation associated with cancer risk.
Direct Carcinogenic Mechanisms
PFAS compounds activate liver X receptors and alter bile acid metabolism, which affects colonic epithelial cell proliferation. Animal studies show PFAS exposure increases aberrant crypt foci, precancerous lesions in the colon.
Screening Implications
Gastroenterologists in PFAS-affected communities should consider earlier colorectal cancer screening initiation. Dietary interventions supporting microbiome health may partially mitigate PFAS-associated colorectal risk.